Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: A Time‐Programmed Bilayer Wound Dressing for Dynamic Microenvironment Modulation and Full‐Thickness Regeneration in Diabetic Wounds

doi: 10.1002/advs.202512425

Figure Lengend Snippet: Polyphenols scavenge AGEs and inflammatory factors. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of (A) defense response, (B) negative regulation of IFN‐I mediated signaling pathway, (C) negative regulation of IL‐6, and (D) activation of innate immune response. Differences in (E) AGEs, (F) RAGE, (G) IL‐4, (H) IL‐6, (I) IL‐10, and (L) TNF‐α levels between groups Control, T2DM, and Polyphenol were detected by Elisa. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. n = 6 independent samples for each group, error bars represent mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: Mouse TNF alpha PicoKine ELISA Kit (catalog no. EK0527), Mouse IL‐10 PicoKine ELISA Kit (catalog no. EK0417), Mouse IL‐6 PicoKine ELISA Kit (catalog no. EK0411), Mouse IL‐4 PicoKine ELISA Kit (catalog no. EK0405) were purchased from BOSTER (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: A Time‐Programmed Bilayer Wound Dressing for Dynamic Microenvironment Modulation and Full‐Thickness Regeneration in Diabetic Wounds

doi: 10.1002/advs.202512425

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory factors during wound healing. (A) Representative images of immunohistochemical staining of IL‐4, (B) IL‐10, (C) TNF‐α, (D) IL‐6 in Control, Nanofiber, Polyhenol, PDGF‐BB, and Polyhenol+PDGF‐BB groups at 3 and 7 days. (E–H) Quantification of IL‐4, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and IL‐6. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Mouse TNF alpha PicoKine ELISA Kit (catalog no. EK0527), Mouse IL‐10 PicoKine ELISA Kit (catalog no. EK0417), Mouse IL‐6 PicoKine ELISA Kit (catalog no. EK0411), Mouse IL‐4 PicoKine ELISA Kit (catalog no. EK0405) were purchased from BOSTER (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Control

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Liver-specific FGF21 knockout abrogated OVX-induced central obesity in mice. (A) Body weight profile of mice following OVX or the combination of OVX plus liver-specific FGF21 knockout. (B) The serum FGF21 concentrations in mice at decapitation. (C) Representative figures of mice indicating visceral adipose deposition at decapitation. (D) The average visceral fat weight of mice from each group. (E) Representative H&E staining of visceral adipose tissues of mice at decapitation. In figure A: * denotes p < 0.05 (OVX versus Sham/OVX+FGF21 LKO); in figure B and D: ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001, NS p > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Knock-Out, Staining

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Liver-specific FGF21 knockout failed to rescue OVX-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in mice. (A) Serum concentration of triglyceride (TG). (B) Serum concentration of free fat acid (FFA). (C) Liver weight. (D) Liver TG content. (E) The representative H&E staining of liver tissues from each group. Arrows indicate lipid droplets. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; NS p > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Knock-Out, Concentration Assay, Staining

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Liver-specific FGF21 knockout exacerbated OVX-induced glucose metabolic abnormalities in mice. (A) Glucose tolerance test (GTT). (B) The area under the curve of GTT. (C) Insulin tolerance test (ITT). (D) The area under the curve of ITT. (E) Pyruvate tolerance test (PTT). (F) The area under the curve of PTT. Note figure (A,C,E): * OVX+FGF21 LKO versus Sham (p < 0.05), φ OVX+FGF21 LKO versus OVX (p < 0.05), # OVX versus Sham (p < 0.05); figure (B,D,F): * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; NS p > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Knock-Out

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Transcriptomic profiling revealing Hsd11b1 plays a central role in mediating FGF21 LKO on abrogating OVX-induced central obesity in mice. (A) Venn diagram of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among groups. (B) The number of DEGs between pairwise groups. (C) The recovered DEGs (rDEGs) in OVX mice following FGF21 LKO. rDEGs are genes whose expression in OVX was significantly different from the sham controls but recovered back to the sham levels after FGF21 LKO. (D) The heat map of rDEGs involved in lipid metabolism process (GO:0006629). Red lines indicate DEGs between OVX+FGF21 LKO versus OVX. (E) Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed FGF21 LKO reduced adipogenesis in OVX mice, and leading-edge gene analysis highlighted that Hsd11b1 plays a major role in mediating FGF21 LKO on preventing adipogenesis in OVX mice.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. FGF21 LKO reversed circulating high corticosterone but not high FSH in OVX mice. (A) Serum concentration of FSH. (B) Serum concentration of corticosterone. (C) Effects of transient recombinant FGF21 replacement on serum concentration of corticosterone in OVX+FGF21 LKO mice. (D) Effects of transient recombinant FGF21 replacement on visceral adipose Hsd11b1 expression in OVX+FGF21 LKO mice. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; NS p > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Recombinant, Expressing

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. FGF21 LKO reduced serum insulin levels in OVX mice. (A) Serum concentration of insulin; (B) Gene set enrichment analysis indicated FGF21 LKO reduced SREBF-mediated lipogenesis. (C) Gene set enrichment analysis indicated FGF21 LKO even reduced insulin signaling in OVX mice compared to the sham controls. *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. The potential mechanism and key genes by which FGF21 LKO abrogated OVX-induced central obesity in mice. (A) The potential mechanism by which FGF21 LKO abrogated OVX-induced central obesity in mice. Liver-specific FGF21 knockout reduced both GC and insulin production, which in turn decreased adipogenesis and lipogenesis in visceral adipose tissues. (B) The potential key genes mediating FGF21 LKO on abrogating OVX-induced central obesity in mice.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Knock-Out

Journal: Molecular medicine reports

Article Title: Intraperitoneal injection of thalidomide alleviates early osteoarthritis development by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor expression in mice.

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8980

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. mRNA expression levels of VEGF and MMP‑13 in the knee articular cartilage of mice among the Sham, Dmm and Dmm+Th groups (n=4 in each group). (A) Relative mRNA expression levels of VEGF in the medial articular cartilage. (B) Relative mRNA expression levels of MMP‑13 in the medial articular cartilage. The values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 compared with the Sham group; #P<0.05 compared with the Dmm group. Dmm, destabilization of the medial meniscus; MMP‑13, matrix metalloproteinase‑13; Th, thalidomide; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

Article Snippet: An ELISA kit of VEGF (E-EL-M1292c) was purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.

Techniques: Expressing, Standard Deviation

Journal: Molecular medicine reports

Article Title: Intraperitoneal injection of thalidomide alleviates early osteoarthritis development by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor expression in mice.

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8980

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Immunohistochemical analysis of VEGF expression in the knee articular cartilage of mice among the Sham, Dmm and Dmm+Th groups (n=4 in each group). (A) Immunohistochemistry staining of VEGF in the articular cartilage of the medial tibial plateau (magnification, x400, scale bar=100 µm). (B) Quantification of VEGF positive cells, based on the results of immunohistochemistry staining. The values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 compared with the Sham group; #P<0.05 compared with the Dmm group. Dmm, destabilization of the medial meniscus; Th, thalidomide; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

Article Snippet: An ELISA kit of VEGF (E-EL-M1292c) was purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Standard Deviation

Journal: Molecular medicine reports

Article Title: Intraperitoneal injection of thalidomide alleviates early osteoarthritis development by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor expression in mice.

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8980

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. ELISA analysis of serum VEGF concentration of mice among the Sham, Dmm and Dmm+Th groups (n=8 in each group). The values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 compared with the Sham group; #P<0.05 compared with the Dmm group. Dmm, destabilization of the medial meniscus; Th, thalidomide; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

Article Snippet: An ELISA kit of VEGF (E-EL-M1292c) was purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: The pathogenic role of succinate-SUCNR1: a critical function that induces renal fibrosis via M2 macrophage

doi: 10.1186/s12964-024-01481-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Succinate stimulated macrophage infiltration, activation of profibrotic M2 phenotype, upregulation of profibrotic factors in vivo and in vitro. A F4/80 immunohistochemistry staining indicated succinate markedly increased renal macrophage in the kidney interstitium rather than glomerulus. *** P < 0.001, versus control group, n = 5. B Renal proinflammatory M1 cytokines, including iNOS and IL6 mRNA levels, were reduced by succinate. ** P < 0.01, versus the control group, n = 5. C The mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory M2 cytokines (Arg1, Fizz1, Mgl2, and IL-10) in the kidney were markedly increased. ** P < 0.01;*** P < 0.001, versus control group, n = 5. D Succinate upregulated renal M2 macrophages-related profibrotic factors expression (galectin3, MMP9, MMP12, MMP13, PDGF, and CTGF). ns, not significant; ** P < 0.01;*** P < 0.001, versus control group, n = 5. RAW 264.7 cells were treated at 500 μM succinate for 24 h, and quantitative PCR analysis and immunoblotting were adopted to detect the effects of succinate on M2 polarization and expression of profibrotic factors in vitro. E Succinate had no effects on the cell viability of RAW 264.7. Succinate downregulated M1 cytokines (iNOS and IL6) mRNA levels ( F ) while significantly upregulated M2 cytokines (Arg1, Fizz1, Mgl2, and IL-10) ( G ). *** P < 0.001, versus control group, n = 3, biologically repeated 3 times. Likewise, succinate remarkably increased M2 macrophage-related profibrotic factor expression (MMP9, MMP12, MMP13, PDGF, and CTGF) ( H ). ns, not significant; *** P < 0.001, versus control group, n = 3, biologically repeated 3 times. The cell supernatant was measured by mouse CTGF ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (E-EL-M0340; Elabscience, Bethesda, MD). Similarly, succinate increased CTGF release of macrophages ( I )

Article Snippet: The cell supernatant was measured by mouse CTGF ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (E-EL-M0340; Elabscience, Bethesda, MD).

Techniques: Activation Assay, In Vivo, In Vitro, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Control, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: The pathogenic role of succinate-SUCNR1: a critical function that induces renal fibrosis via M2 macrophage

doi: 10.1186/s12964-024-01481-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: CTGF neutralizing antibody inhibited the stimulation of fibroblasts by macrophage-conditioned medium. A CTGF antibody prevented the proliferative effects of CM on NRK-49F, indicated by the results of the CCK8 assay. *** P < 0.001, versus control group, n = 6 in CCK8, biologically repeated 3 times. B Also, the CTGF antibody suppressed the activation effects of CM on NRK-49F, as indicated by the results of the protein quantitative analysis of fibronectin and α-SMA. *** P < 0.001, versus control group, &&& P < 0.001, versus the succinate group, n = 3, biologically repeated 3 times

Article Snippet: The cell supernatant was measured by mouse CTGF ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (E-EL-M0340; Elabscience, Bethesda, MD).

Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, Control, Activation Assay

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: The pathogenic role of succinate-SUCNR1: a critical function that induces renal fibrosis via M2 macrophage

doi: 10.1186/s12964-024-01481-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Succinate promoted CTGF expression through activation of β-catenin. A Succinate increased protein levels of non-p-β-catenin and β-catenin in the mice kidney. *** P < 0.001, versus control group, n = 5. RAW 264.7 was treated with 500 μM succinate for 12 h. B Succinate enhanced protein levels of non-p-β-catenin and β-catenin in the RAW 264.7. *** P < 0.001, versus control group, n = 3, biologically repeated 3 times. C Succinate promoted translocation of non-p-β-catenin into the nucleus. ICG-001 (2 μM) pretreatment RAW 264.7 for 1 h, 500 μM succinate stimulation for 24 h and 48 h. D ICG-001 prevented the increase of CTGF mRNA induced by succinate. *** P < 0.001, versus control group, &&& P < 0.001, versus the succinate group, n = 3, biologically repeated 3 times. E The elevation of CTGF protein level was also lowered by ICG-001. *** P < 0.001, versus control group, &&& P < 0.001, versus the succinate group, n = 3, biologically repeated 3 times

Article Snippet: The cell supernatant was measured by mouse CTGF ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (E-EL-M0340; Elabscience, Bethesda, MD).

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay, Control, Translocation Assay

Journal: Experimental Neurobiology

Article Title: M2 Phenotype Microglia-derived Cytokine Stimulates Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Endogenous Stem Cells in Ischemic Brain

doi: 10.5607/en.2017.26.1.33

Figure Lengend Snippet: TGF-α is one of the major cytokines in M2 conditioned media. (A) RT-PCR of IL-10 and TGF-α in M0, M1, or M2 conditioned media. IL-10 and TGF-α expression is significantly increased at the mRNA level in M2 conditioned media. (B) The graph depicts the relative mRNA expression of IL-10 and TGF-α in M0, M1, and M2 conditioned media. The expression of these genes is significantly increased in M2 conditioned media. (C) The expression level of TGF-α in M0, M1, and M2 conditioned media using ELISA assay. The quantity of TGF-α is significantly increased in M2 conditioned media compared with M1 ( *** p<0.01 vs. M0 conditioned media, n=5/group).

Article Snippet: To determine the soluble TGF-α concentration in the different phenotypes of supernatant in BV2 cells, the conditioned media were measured by the mouse TGF-α ELISA Kit (E-EL-M1190, Elabscience) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Pharmacognosy Magazine

Article Title: Fucoidan Attenuated Kidney and Bone Damage Caused by CKD-MBD in Mice by Upregulating Klotho

doi: 10.1177/09731296231172549

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Fucoidan Treatment Reversed the Changes of Serum Biochemical Indexes Caused by the Modeling. A–D, the Levels of BUN, Creatinine, ALP, and Pi in the Serum of Mice in the Five Groups were Detected by an Automatic Biochemical Analyzer. E–G, the Levels of iPTH, FGF23, and 1,25 (OH)2D3 in the Serum of Mice in the Five Groups Were Determined by ELISA. H, the Relative BMD of Mice in the Five Groups Was Measured by X-Ray Densitometers.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) The contents of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3, DHVD3) in the serum were measured by the Mouse iPTH ELISA Kit (E-EL-M0709, Elabscience, China), Mouse FGF23 ELISA Kit (E-EL-M2415C, Elabscience, China), and Mouse DHVD3 ELISA Kit (E-EL-0016C, Elabscience, China), respectively.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: GeroScience

Article Title: Low protein-induced-FGF-21 signaling remodels adipose tissue on reduced markers of senescence during aging

doi: 10.1007/s11357-025-01853-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Low-protein diet late in life prevents age-related and obesity-related metabolic decline. A Graphical methodology: C57BL/6 (WT) male mice were placed on CON, LP, HFCON, and HFLP at 16 months of age (8–12 mice/group), various metabolic endpoints on BW and glucose homeostasis throughout the feeding phase of the study as indicated, and tissue collection at 22 m of age. B Body weight gain over time from initiation of diet. C Terminal body weight gain at 22 months of age. D Fat gain at 22 months of age. E Lean gain at 22 months of age. F Fasting blood glucose at 21 months of age. G Glucose tolerance test conducted at 21 months of age ( n = 9 mice/diet). H Area under the curve glucose for the GTT. I Serum FGF21 levels at 22 months of age. J Serum adiponectin levels at 22 months of age. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA. All values are mean ± SEM, with significant main effects of protein or post hoc comparison within the fat*protein interaction

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of FGF21 (no. RD291108200R, Mouse and Rat FGF-21 ELISA, BioVendor) and adiponectin (#EZMADP-60 K, Mouse Adiponectin EMD Millipore Corporation) were determined via ELISA according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocol.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: GeroScience

Article Title: Low protein-induced-FGF-21 signaling remodels adipose tissue on reduced markers of senescence during aging

doi: 10.1007/s11357-025-01853-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Low-protein diet induces FGF21-dependent transcriptional signatures on improved thermogenesis and reduced markers on cell senescence in white adipose tissue. Inguinal WAT and epididymal WAT, from a previous study, were used to perform bulk RNA-seq from C57BL/6 (WT) and Fgf21 KO mice fed either normal-protein control (CON) and low-protein (LP) diet at 3 months of age until 22 months of age. A Graphical methodology: subcutaneous (iWAT), visceral (gWAT), and brown (BAT) adipose tissue from a previous study of C57BL/6 (WT) and Fgf 21 KO mice fed either normal-protein (CON) or low-protein (LP) at 3 months of age until 22 months of age. B–D Inguinal WAT. B PGSEA: Parametric Gene Set Enrichment Analysis for GO: Biological Processes. C Heatmap of top DEGs in CON and LP fed WT mice. D Heatmap of top DEGs in LP-fed WT mice and Fgf21 KO mice. E–G Epididymal WAT. E PGSEA: Parametric Gene Set Enrichment Analysis for GO: Biological Processes. F Heatmap of top DEGs in CON and LP fed WT mice. G Heatmap of top DEGs in LP-fed WT mice and Fgf21 KO mice. Heatmaps are listed by FDR < 0.05, and color key shows logFC 2 heatmaps. Teal blue represents downregulated, and lavender represents upregulated enriched genes within the comparison groups

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of FGF21 (no. RD291108200R, Mouse and Rat FGF-21 ELISA, BioVendor) and adiponectin (#EZMADP-60 K, Mouse Adiponectin EMD Millipore Corporation) were determined via ELISA according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocol.

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Control, Comparison

Journal: GeroScience

Article Title: Low protein-induced-FGF-21 signaling remodels adipose tissue on reduced markers of senescence during aging

doi: 10.1007/s11357-025-01853-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Low-protein diet induces fgf21-dependent transcriptional signatures on improved vascular-related remodeling in brown adipose tissue. BAT from a previous study was used to perform bulk RNA-seq from C57BL/6 (WT) and Fgf21 KO mice fed either normal-protein control (CON) and low-protein (LP) diet at 3 months of age until 22 months of age. A PGSEA: Parametric Gene Set Enrichment Analysis for GO: Biological Processes. B Heatmap of top DEGs in CON and LP fed WT mice. C Heatmap of top DEGs in LP fed WT mice and Fgf21 KO mice. Heatmaps are listed by FDR < 0.05, and color key shows logFC 2 heatmaps. Teal blue represents downregulated, and lavender represents upregulated enriched genes within the comparison groups

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of FGF21 (no. RD291108200R, Mouse and Rat FGF-21 ELISA, BioVendor) and adiponectin (#EZMADP-60 K, Mouse Adiponectin EMD Millipore Corporation) were determined via ELISA according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocol.

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Control, Comparison